Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency used by cells to power various biochemical reactions. The process of cellular respiration occurs within the mitochondria, where glucose and oxygen are utilized to generate ATP, along with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This process is vital for energy production in eukaryotic cells, enabling them to function and sustain life.

In contrast, the nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing the genetic material and regulating gene expression. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA into polypeptide chains. The Golgi apparatus functions in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Each of these organelles plays an important role in cellular function, but the specific capability of mitochondria to generate ATP is what designates them as the powerhouse of the cell.