University of Central Florida (UCF) BSC1005 Biological Principles Practice Exam 3

The cell body, also known as the soma, is the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and various organelles necessary for the cell's functions. It serves as the metabolic center of the neuron, housing the nucleus where genetic material is located and organelles that are vital for processes such as protein synthesis and energy production. This structure is essential for maintaining the neuron's health and facilitating communication by integrating signals received from the dendrites and transmitting them down the axon.

In contrast, dendrites primarily function as receptive surfaces that receive signals from other neurons but do not contain the nucleus. The axon is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses away from the cell body, and while it plays a critical role in communication, it does not contain the nucleus. Axon terminals are involved in the release of neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons, but again, they do not house the nucleus or organelles. Therefore, the cell body is the key component that contains the nucleus and organelles, making it the correct choice.