What term refers to the junction between axon terminals and dendrites of the next neuron?

The term that describes the junction between axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron is commonly recognized as the synaptic cleft. This small gap is crucial for neuronal communication because it allows neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers, to be released from the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and to bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites. This process enables the transmission of signals across the synapse, facilitating communication between neurons.

Within the context of the choices, the other terms do not accurately represent this specific junction. While "neural synapse" might seem relevant, it typically encompasses more than just the cleft itself; it refers to the entire structure involved in synaptic transmission, including both the presynaptic and postsynaptic components. "Neurotransmitter gap" and "axon junction" are not standard terms used in neurobiology and do not describe this anatomical feature accurately. Thus, identifying the synaptic cleft is essential for understanding how neural communication occurs at the microscopic level.