What kind of relationship do corals and zooxanthellae exemplify?

Corals and zooxanthellae exemplify a mutualistic relationship, which is characterized by a cooperative interaction where both organisms benefit from the association. In this symbiotic relationship, zooxanthellae are photosynthetic algae that live within the tissues of coral. The algae provide essential nutrients to the coral through the process of photosynthesis, which involves converting sunlight into energy. In return, the corals offer the zooxanthellae a protected environment and access to sunlight, which is crucial for the algae's photosynthetic activity.

This mutualism is vital for the survival of coral reefs, as they rely on the continued health of the zooxanthellae for energy and growth. The success of coral ecosystems largely depends on the balance of this relationship, showcasing the importance of mutualism in ecological interactions where both partners support each other's life processes.