What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied to RNA?

The correct process for copying DNA to RNA is called transcription. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA is used as a template to produce a complementary RNA strand. This involves the enzyme RNA polymerase binding to the DNA and synthesizing RNA by matching RNA nucleotides with their complementary DNA bases.

Transcription is a crucial step in gene expression, as it allows the information encoded in DNA to be converted into an RNA molecule, which can then be translated to form proteins. This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, leading to the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it can be translated into proteins.

The other choices involve different processes that are not related to the copying of DNA to RNA. For instance, replication refers to the process by which DNA makes copies of itself before cell division, translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA, and transformation typically refers to a genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material, which does not involve the transcription process.