What distinguishes a hermaphrodite?

A hermaphrodite is distinguished by having both male and female reproductive systems within the same individual. This means that a hermaphrodite can produce both sperm and eggs, allowing for greater flexibility in reproduction. This dual reproductive capability can lead to increased reproductive opportunities, as individuals can mate with any partner they encounter, enhancing genetic diversity within a population.

The presence of both reproductive systems enables hermaphrodites to adapt to varying reproductive conditions in their environments, which can be particularly advantageous in situations where members of the opposite sex are scarce. This characteristic is found in many species across different kingdoms, including invertebrates like earthworms and certain fish species.

The other options do not accurately characterize a hermaphrodite. For instance, having a fully developed nervous system is common across many animal species, not just hermaphrodites. The ability to survive without reproduction is a trait that may apply to some organisms but does not define hermaphroditism. Additionally, not all hermaphrodites reproduce solely through sexual means; some can engage in asexual reproduction as well. Thus, the defining feature of a hermaphrodite is its dual reproductive capability.