What are the four main macromolecules of life?

The four main macromolecules of life are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are essential for various biological functions and structures in living organisms.

Carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy and are involved in the structure of cells. They include sugars and starches, which are critical for energy storage and cellular functions. Proteins are crucial for nearly every biological process, acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules. They are made up of amino acids and perform a vast array of functions in the body, including catalyzing biochemical reactions and providing cellular structure.

Lipids, which include fats, oils, and phospholipids, play a key role in energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling within and between cells. They are hydrophobic or amphipathic and are important for forming biological membranes. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information, guiding the processes of protein synthesis, and playing roles in cellular regulation.

The other options include components that do not fit into the four main macromolecule categories. For example, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids are vital for health but are not classified as the four primary macromolecule types.